How can I troubleshoot a 500 Internal Server Error in an OpenResty configuration?

Start by examining the OpenResty error logs (usually located in `/var/log/openresty/error.log`). Look for Lua errors, syntax errors in your configuration files (e.g., `nginx.conf`, Lua scripts), or any stack traces. Use `nginx -t` to test your configuration for syntax errors before restarting OpenResty. Also, check resource usage (CPU, memory) to rule out resource exhaustion.