Is it possible to implement anti-DDoS measures on a self-hosted Minecraft server?

Yes, it's possible, but significantly more complex. You can use tools like firewall configurations (iptables/ufw), rate limiting plugins (e.g., RateLimitX), and configure your router to block suspicious IP addresses. However, self-hosting requires technical expertise and ongoing maintenance, and often lacks the scalability and advanced mitigation features of dedicated DDoS protection services. A self-hosted solution is generally less effective against large, sophisticated attacks.