What are the potential performance implications of using exceptions in C++, and how do PDF resources address these concerns?

Exception handling in C++ can have performance overhead, particularly when exceptions are actually thrown. Stack unwinding and finding the appropriate `catch` block can be relatively expensive. However, the cost of simply having exception handling enabled (i.e., in the absence of exceptions being thrown) is generally small. PDF resources often discuss the performance trade-offs of using exceptions versus other error handling mechanisms (like return codes). The general advice is to use exceptions for truly exceptional situations, where the cost of handling the error outweighs the potential performance overhead. Avoid using exceptions for normal control flow.