Describe how the cumulative effect of small errors can lead to gross errors in long survey lines or complex projects.

In long survey lines or complex projects, even small, seemingly insignificant errors in individual measurements can accumulate and propagate over distance or through multiple calculations. This can result in a substantial overall error in the final result, manifesting as a gross error. Proper data management, careful measurement practices, and robust error analysis are crucial to mitigate this cumulative effect.