What are the main types of exception handling in Java?

Java provides several mechanisms for exception handling: checked exceptions, unchecked exceptions, and finally blocks. Checked exceptions are those that the compiler requires you to handle (either with a `try-catch` block or declare a `throws` clause in a method signature). Unchecked exceptions, like `NullPointerException` and `ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException`, are not checked and can be caught without declaring a `throws` clause. Finally blocks ensure that code within them executes regardless of whether an exception occurs or not.